E 448 
• M388 
Copy 1 



E 448 
.M388 
Copy 1 



AFRICAN COLONIZATION. 



PROCEEDINGS OF A MEETING 



ffxitnXtu of SSfticau <£olouf*atfou, 

HELD IN THE 

CITY OF BALTIMORE, 



ON THE /7 OCTOBER, 1827 

/ 



'Y\' 



'>*>- «^' 



(I 



CIRCULAR 



c~ 



FRIENDS OF AFRICAN COLONIZATION. 



Sir, 

At a meeting of Ihe friends of African Colonization, the 
following Resolutions, Address and Constitution were unani- 
mously adopted, an>d. you were eleet^d a member of the 
Boare^of Managers ofttje State Society d£ Maryland. 

The>iLities of managersVv r ou will learn fi»iam the Constitu- 
tion. Tfteir number has thsen increased to^J?r/y, that it 
may embratea greater quantityNof talents, zeal antUnfluence; 
and six have\been authorized toSiransact business^hat no 
ever have his othersengagements interred 
with, by the necessity of attending to this. 
With theVhighest respect, 

ur humble servants. 






Chairman. 
Secretary. 



RESOLUTIONS. 



Resolved, That it is expedient to revive the Maryland 
Colonization Society, Auxiliary to the American Coloniza- 
tion Society. 

Resolved, That there be published an Address to the 
friends of African Colonization, setting forth the history, 
prospects and advantages of the scheme. 

Resolved, That the following Constitution be adopted. 

Resolved, That the following gentlemen be officers of the 
Maryland Colonization Society. 

Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be pub- 
lished, and signed by the Chairman and Secretary; and that 
a copy of them be sent to each of the officers, and such other 
persons as the Chairman may think proper. 



ADDRESS 



TO THE 

FRIENDS OF AFRICAN COLONIZATION 



The idea of colonizing, with their own consent, the free 
people of color, in some place remote from this country, ori- 
ginated in the Virginia legislature, twenty-five or thirty years 
ago; and was strongly advocated by Mr. Monroe, then Gov- 
ernor of the State, and Mr. Jefferson, President of the United 
States. In 1816, that legislature passed a formal resolution, 
soliciting the aid of the general government, in procuring a 
proper site for a colony of free blacks, and such as might, in 
the course of time, be emancipated by their masters. The 
example was quickly followed by the legislatures of Maryland, 
Tennessee and Georgia. Several other states have recently 
done the same. Virginia has since contributed liberally from 
her public treasury; and Maryland, at the last session of the 
Assembly, appropriated $1000 annually, for removing to the 
colony such free blacks as might be willing to go. 

Towards the close of 1S16, there was formed at Washing- 
ton, a society which was called the American Colonization 
SociETr; of which Judge Washington of the Supreme Court 
was chosen President. From the first suggestion of the plan, 
there had been a diversity of opinion among its friends, as to 
what part of the world would be the most eligible situation. 
Mr. Jefferson proposed tosend them to Sierra Leone, an Eng- 
lish colony on the African coast, with the consent of the com- 
pany to which it belonged; or, if that should not be practica- 
ble, to procure them homes in some of the Portuguese settle- 
ments in South America. Both attempts having proved un- 
successful, attention was turned to another quarter; and the 
Society, immediately after its organization, determined to 
send agents to explore the western coast of Africa and select 
the most suitable position. 

In December, 1S21, after various unsuccessful efforts in the 
preceding years at other points, a territory was purchased 



from the natives of Cape Mesurado, on the western coast, by 
Dr. Ayres, the Society's Agent; and on the 28th of April, 
1822, the American flag first waved, with innocent designs, 
on the shores of injured Africa. 

The colony, thus founded, received the name of Liberia; 
and its principal town, which has already become a large vil- 
lage, that of Monrovia, in honor of one of the most powerful 
promoters of the scheme, during whose administration it 
was established. 

The object of the Society, to establish there a colony of 
free blacks from the United States, and to provide all such as 
might wish to emigrate, with an asylum whither they and 
their children might go and enjoy real liberty, and all the im- 
munities, privileges and attributes of freemen, was immedi- 
ately approved and embraced by a great number of our most 
distinguished citizens; and more emigrants were found than 
could be sent. 

At first, a doubt was suggested of the practicability of 
such a settlement: but the experiment has been successful. 
In every respect, that part of Africa which has been se- 
lected, is as capable of being covered with great nations, as 
were the western and south-western members of this con- 
federacy. It enjoys a fertility not inferior to theirs, and af- 
fords a greater variety of valuable products. The climate 
too, though essentially different, is at least as salubrious. 
The mortality that prevailed among the first emigrants to 
Liberia, was owing altogether to other causes. They ar- 
rived during the worst season of the year, and remained ex- 
posed to all its inclemencies, without shelter; and the matter 
of surprise should be, that any one of them escaped destruc- 
tion. A much worse result attended the early attempts to 
settle America. Upon our forefathers greater disasters 
were inflicted, for its own inscrutable purposes, by the hand 
of Providence. In Virginia, and even as far north as Ply- 
mouth in New England, the settlers were repeatedly swept 
away by hostility and malignant diseases; and the idea of 
colonizing America, pronounced at once visionary and im- 
practicable, was for a considerable time abandoned, and ap- 
parently forgotten. It is therefore neither surprising nor 
discouraging, that similar misfortunes should have followed 
the first attempts to settle Africa. They are incident to all 
such undertakings, in every quarter of the globe; and were 
to be expected particularly in a colony, founded by private 
contributions, left on a distant shore in an unprotected state, 
and conspired against by unusual occurrences. In the mo- 
ment of her greatest exhaustion, the natives, jealous of her 



presence and stimulated by atrocious slavers, fell upon Li- 
beria in numbers vastly superior to ber own. But the mul- 
titude of tbe deluded savages served only to increase tbeir 
slaughter. They could not stand before the single howitzer 
and thirty muskets of the colonists; but fled in every direc- 
tion to the woods, abandoned their assaults, and resumed 
their desultory and harmless warfare, which they were soon 
glad to exchange for peace. Since that lesson, they have at- 
tempted and displayed no more hostility; and their unac- 
customed league has dissolved again into numerous and con- 
flicting tribes. 

The colony now contains, in the sixth year of its exis- 
tence, upwards of six hundred inhabitants, who live in com- 
fortable houses, and cultivate with profit the pursuits of com- 
merce, and the rich fields that the society bestow gratuitous- 
ly on all who emigrate. They are self-governed; they elect 
their own officers of justice, of the militia, and of civil du- 
ties; and their institutions are, in fine, a miniature of those 
of this republic. The territory has been much increased 
both in size and value; not by conquest, but the peaceful 
means of purchase. It now extends two hundred miles 
along the coast, and indefinitely into the interior, embracing 
within its limits several small settlements, which have 
sprung like sub-colonies from the principal one. Monrovia, 
the capital, built on the high and salubrious promontory of 
Mesurado, is defended by a militia of more than ninety 
men, well armed, and a strong fort of masonry, amply pro- 
vided with cannon and ammunition. All the children, of 
whom there are two hundred and twenty-seven, attend school. 
The schools are on the Lancastrian system. There are se- 
veral places of public worship. A reading-room and libra- 
ry of twelve hundred volumes diffuse instruction throughout 
the little community. The morals of the place are admi- 
rable; and the industry of the people is diplayed in the thriv- 
ing aspect of every thing around them, and in their rapid- 
ly accumulating wealth. 

The prosperous condition of the colony is exemplified by 
the fact, that when the brig John, Capt. Clough, of Portland, 
Maine, arrived there in June or July, 1826, her whole car- 
go, worth $11,000, was disposed of in ten days, and every 
cent paid. The laws have wisely provided, that no one shall 
buy on credit. From the 1st of January to the 1st of June, 
of the same year, there were exported to New England, 
Great Britain, Sierra Leone, France, the West Indies, Nor- 
folk and Baltimore, dye goods and ivory to tbe amount of 
$.43,980*. The profit on this to the exporters will appear, in 



calculating the difference between the African market and 
those of Europe and America, to have been about $30, 786. 
Such a trade must soon enrich those engaged in it. 

Thus has the practicability of erecting a flourishing colony 
of free blacks on the coast of Africa, been amply demon- 
strated. * 

The great objects of the Society in founding it, are effect- 
ed daily. Already Liberia has begun to convert and en- 
lighten Africa, and compensate her for the torments we have 
inflicted. The natives have learned to admire what at first 
they only suspected and feared. In its institutions they see 
the pillar of its strength and prosperity, and would imitate 
the christian charity and justice, which its inhabitants exer- 
cise towards them in all their dealings. Docile and tractable 
in their nature, rather uncivilized than savages, and having 
none of the ferocity and stubbornness of the North Ameri- 
can Indian, they arc anxious their posterity should partake 
in the blessings which they behold; and seventy children, 
sent by their parents for that purpose, are now distributed 
among the families in the colony, to be brought up, as their 
own offspring, in the language and arts of civilized life, and 
the christian religion. The greatest favour, in his own es- 
timation, that a native can receive, is to obtain his child a si- 
tuation, on those terms, in the colony; and there are many 
more applications than can, for want of room, be gratified. 
A great deal of the labour on the fields and houses, and in 
lading and unlading vessels, is performed of their own ac- 
cord, at stipulated prices, by natives; who being always in 
the presence of cultivated man, will sooner or later copy his 
habits and manners. Thus has Liberia begun to realize the 
anticipated effect of shedding the light of civilization and the 
gospel on benighted Africa. 

We shall not here detail, what have so often been repeated, 
the horrors of the slave trade; for there is no human being, 
in this country, that has not heard them. In the earliest 
dawn of our national history, they were the subject of de- 
bate and universal indignation; and, as soon as practicable, 
the market of this country was closed against them; the 
strictest laws were passed, for the punishment of our citi- 

» This sketch of the history of the colony we have drawn, for the bene- 
fit of those whose attention has not hitherto been called to it, from the An- 
nual Reports of the Society; from the African Repository, a monthly peri' 
odical of thirty pages, published at Washington under the direction of the 
managers; from various pamphlets and papers on the subject; and from an 
able article on African Colonization, in the l'th number of the North Ame- 
rican Review. 



10 

To reason with them, as yet, on the injustice and horrid fea 
tures of the custom, would he useless, for "they know not 
what they do:" to compel them to desist, would he impossi- 
ble, as long as there were any purchasers: to destroy the de- 
mand from the Atlantic sea hoard and its islands, the attempt 
has proved abortive hitherto, and must always be extremely 
difficult and expensive: and even to crush it, in that direc- 
tion, were almost fruitless, for it would still exist in the in- 
terior, with aggravated misery, and on the Eastern and Me- 
diterranean coasts. The only effectual remedy then for the 
slave trade, is to establish civilized and powerful colonies 
on the western and south-west coasts, to serve as markets, 
where the natives may sell every thing but slaves, and pro- 
cure in exchange every article they desire. Not until then 
will they quit their present for more humane and industrious 
pursuits. Our cruizers off the coast can then co-operate 
most usefully in the work, by obstructing the trade, and 
making it so dangerous, uncertain and expensive, as to ban- 
ish slavers, and drive thenatives into the more lawful and 
lucrative commerce offered them. 

The many other advantages of colonization in Africa, have 
also been realized, in a greater degree than the most sanguine 
ever expected in so short a time. The condition of the free 
blacks, who have emigrated, has been improved essentially 
by transferring them, with their own consent, from this coun- 
try, where they can never be but nominally free, to another 
where they are really so. Their encouraging letters have 
produced a salutary excitement among the free blacks that 
remain; and there are daily more applicants for a passage, 
than can be accommodated. Most of them seem to look to 
the shores of Africa, as the destined home of themselves or 
their children, the promised land of the coloured race. 

The rigours of slavery too have been abated, by withdraw- 
ing every pretext, derived from discontent, for harsh treat- 
ment, and by opening a door to manumission, through which 
numbers begin to pour already. There can be no manumis- 
sion, without removal, that can benefit the slave or master. 
Here are the means of removal offered. Many owners have 
taken advantage of them. In the natural course of things, 
others, as yet deterred by the present inevitable evils of 
emancipation, will follow their example. It is by this means 
that the American Colonization Society hope to relieve their 
country from the baneful institution of slavery, our burthen 
and dishonour. Themselves, for the most part, slave-hold- 
ers, those, they think, are the only means that can be em- 
ployed, consistently with their own security, the rights of 



zens engaged in them; and we took the lead in effectual 
measures for their total abolition. But our measures have 
been more energetic on paper than in reality. It is only by 
settlements along the coast, at the most important points, that 
the nefarious commerce can be arrested; and without their 
assistance, no squadron, however powerful, will be compe- 
tent to its suppression. The thousand little rivers, creeks 
and bays, that indent the shores of Africa, elude the search of 
the lawful mariner or refuse him admission in their shallow 
waters, while they afford lurking places for those concerned 
in the traffic, and well acquainted, from their habits, with 
the geography of the country. If any particular haunt, 
mart or factory be discovered and broken up, they send 
word into the interior, that slaves must be brought to some 
less frequented and unsuspected part of the coast. Thither 
they steal to receive them; and, while taking in their living 
cargo of human merchandize, lie effectually concealed un- 
der the woody and winding banks of unknown streams. 
The only way to obviate this evasion, is to found colonies 
and establishments along the coast, in such situations as to 
command the accessible markets, and sustain each other in 
attacks and defence. They would sometimes be compelled 
to resort to force; as was recently the case with Liberia, when 
she destroyed a slave factory that had been opened within 
her boundaries, and set the wretched captives free. But 
their most powerful elfects would be produced by gentle 
means; by teaching the natives milder and more christian 
modes of commerce; by recalling them to a sense of the 
criminal nature of the one they practice; by forming alli- 
ances of trade and friendship with the nations of the inte- 
rior; and by making the slave trade unprofitable from a re- 
fusal to engage in it, and alluring the people to other com- 
merce with the products of European skill and science. 
There are empires in the interior, that have attained a high 
degree of comparative civilization. One of them is within 
two hundred miles of Liberia. Of the willingness of the 
native sovereigns to establish such an intercourse, we have 
abundant evidence in the journal of Denham ami Clapper- 
ton's expedition, and from many other sources. It is a for- 
tunate circumstance, that in the vicinity of Liberia the na- 
tive tribes are feeble, and unable to offer effectual resistance. 
Every where they are naturally mild and hospitable, cheer- 
ful, peaceable and timid, docile and anxious to be instructed; 
and although altered by the wars and predatory inroads and 
private feuds and ruthless violence, which the slave trade oc- 
casions to obtain its victims, they are far from irreclaimable. 
2 



11 

their fellow-citizens, the permanent happiness of (he hlacks, 
and the tranquility of the state. By voluntary emancipation, 
voluntary emigration, voluntary removal, which must, in 
their nature, he gradual, they believe all their objects can be 
effected. The experiment has more than authorized their 
confidence. 

In fine, the advantage to ourselves will be immense. As 
this mass of men, foreign to us though among us, shall yield 
to the elastic pressure of a wholesome population, of our own 
colour, the value of compulsory labour will gradually de- 
cline, and a better be substituted; property will be enhanc- 
ed; and the number of slaves diminished; until the last fibre 
of that institution, entailed upon us without our fault, but 
removed by our efforts, can be eradicated by purchase, and 
public opinion forever prevail against the crying evil. If 
slavery be indeed an evil, as no one will deny, such a con- 
summation is to be desired. 

From a colony so situated and so connected with us, we 
may reasonably expect a great accession to our commerce and 
a boundless market for our products. The blessings of free 
institutions, like our own, will be indefinitely extended; a 
coloured America will rise on the shores of Africa; and this 
will be the sole instance of a colony, founded to be inde- 
pendent when of age, and not for the benefit of the mother 
country alone, but for that of the human race. 

Such is the scheme of African colonization. To the states- 
man it offers the only reasonable hope of removing from our 
country the deadliest of her ills; to the christian and philoso- 
pher, the establishment of civilization and true religion, in a 
land hitherto a prey to ignorance and crime; to the philan- 
thropist and all, the destruction of the most atrocious and 
abominable traffic, that ever disgraced human nature or deso- 
lated the world. 

Since the recent advices from Liberia, confirming our 
brightest hopes, nothing further remains for the advocates of 
the scheme, but to renew and combine their efforts, to give 
it full dcvelopement, and that extension without which it 
were only a curious but useless experiment. What is, there- 
fore, most to be desired and sought at present; is to obtain 
the assistance of the numerous friends of the scheme, in eve- 
ry part of the union, in so concentrated and regular a form, 
as to afford, without taxing too far the charity of individuals, 
a constant and ample fund for the accomplishment of our 
purposes. 

The measures hitherto adopted with that view, have failed 
of an. adequate effect 5 and although there has been undoubl 



12 

edly a vast increase in the number of our friends, the resour- 
ces of the society, if they have not actually diminished, are 
by no means commensurate with its objects, and always so 
uncertain as to avail but little. They amount to about 11,000 
or $12,000 a year; derived from the voluntary contributions 
of the charitable, and from small appropriations by legisla- 
tive bodies. In the first gush of approbation, state coloniza- 
tion societies, with numerous branches, auxiliary to the Ame- 
rican Colonization Society at Washington, were very gene- 
rally formed, and contributed powerfully, by the reputation 
and liberality of their members, to sustain the expenses of 
the undertaking. But they have since been suffered to go 
gradually to ruins, notwithstanding the continually augment- 
ing number of persons favourable to the design. The rea- 
sons of this decay are found in their defective conformation. 
Laborious or troublesome duties were imposed upon gentle- 
men, whose names alone ought to have been sufficient, and 
whose age or occupations prevented them from taking an 
active part. ' The rate of contributions, too, was such as the 
enthusiasm of the moment suggested, and not such as pru- 
dence would have recommended. 

These defects we have endeavoured to remedy, by se->. 
lecting the higher officers, as heretofore, from among gen- 
tlemen of advanced age, or distinguished abilities) or conspi- 
cuous for past or present services to our country or the cause; 
and enti listing to younger men, all offices to which active du- 
ties are attached. The rate of subscription also has been re- 
duced to one dollar annually, never to be paid in advance, 
nor ever to be increased. 

The expediency of this plan of revenue is deduced from 
the reflection, that there are thousands who will cheerfully 
give one dollar every year, who would not, on any account 
or by any persuasion, give twtnty-fivt dollars to be mem- 
bers lor life, or even Jive to be so for ten years, as was origi- 
nally provided. Those few who can afford, in the various 
and incessant calls on their charity, to give such sums, would 
probably persuade themselves, (as we have seen in too many 
instances,) and not without some reason, that they had now 
done their proportion of the work, dismiss the subject from 
their thoughts, and with it, perhaps, all the zeal they 
might have felt in its behalf. But no man will refuse to give 
one dollar, even though be may not have reflected on the 
scheme for which it is solicited, or, having reflected, remain 
indifferent to its success: and certainly no member of the 
society, with a proper sense of the goodness and usefulness 
of the design, would hesitate to ask each of his friends, or 



13 

acquaintance, for one dollar for its support; although he- 
might he deterred by delicacy from imposing on them a hea- 
vier burthen. It would also he thus brought within the pow- 
er of every friend of the scheme, to contribute to it; and no 
unequal weight will bear upon an)^. 

We hope that as many auxiliaries to this society as possible 
will be established in every town, village and district in the 
state, and adopt a similar organization. 

A very large sum, it is believed, might be raised each year 
in every state, by these subscriptions alone; without taking 
into consideration what we should still continue to receive, 
in increasing abundance, from private contributions, the 
charity of religious societies and masonic orders, and legisla- 
tive appropriations: and the peculiar advantage of this new 
source of supply will be, that it will not he fluctuating and 
occasional, soon exhausted, and betraying us into expenses 
beyond our means; but copious and steady, ever augmenting 
with population and benevolence, and with the gradual and 
certain progress of opinion in our favour. 

In proportion as the state societies shall be revived or es- 
tablished on this footing, and their numerous little auxiliaries 
brought into existence and due subordination and depen- 
dance, the parent society itself, hitherto feeble and irregular, 
may receive a more effectual structure. There may be held, 
each year, in Washington, at some period during the session 
of the national Congress, a congress or convention of repre- 
sentatives from the state societies and their various branches; 
each sending such number as the parent society, or the con- 
vention itself, at its first meeting, might determine. Their 
compensation would be the highest of rewards; — the pleasure 
and merit of a good act. As the matters to be submitted to 
their deliberation and decision, would not be of a nature to be 
easily or wilfully abused, nor of such vital importance to them 
or their employers, that they might, (like political affairs) be 
liable to be dishonestly conducted, for dangerous or impro- 
per purposes, many of the auxiliary societies would, perhaps, 
often not care to be represented: and as this meeting would 
be during the session of Congress and the Supreme Court, 
and at a season when multitudes from every part of the Uni- 
ted States have occasion to visit the seat of government, there 
would be no difficult)', to those who might desire it, in pro- 
curing zealous and able representatives, who could serve 
them without expense or trouble. 

This convention would have the power of appropriating 
all funds collected for the colonization cause. To it would 
be remitted, or to such persons as it should appoint, all 



14 

monies obtained in every part of the union, by the state and 
auxiliary branches of the general society. It would have the 
power of electing its own officers, and those of the parent so- 
ciety; that is, its president, vice-presidents, treasurer, se- 
cretaries, managers, and agents; who would be elected for 
such terms as might be, from time to time, determined, and 
he responsible to it for their conduct in office. In fine, it 
would take special and peculiar charge of Liberia, and pro- 
vide for the general welfare of the cause of African coloniza- 
tion. 

When each contributor, being represented and having 
himself a share in the government of the society and dis- 
tributions of its funds, would feel, of course, more confi- 
dence in their being properly managed, there would be creat- 
ed a greater readiness to give. The annual assembly of re- 
presentatives from every section, state and district, would 
win to our endeavours the attention and interest of the whole 
American people. Its public debates, the information it 
would elicit and extend, the strict accountability it would es- 
tablish, and the harmonious voice, which it would be, of 
millions of freemen, would lend a national dignity to our na- 
tional cause, and insure the faithful application of all the 
means intended for its promotion. 

But the first step to these results, must be the revival and 
re-organization of the state and auxiliary societies. 

The example lias been set in Maryland. We earnestly re- 
commend its imitation to our friends throughout this state 
and the union, and respectfully solicit an interchange of 
opinions with tbem 00 the subject. The names of the offi- 
cers of such societies as they may form, may be communi- 
cated to the secretary of the state society. 



CONSTITUTION. 



OF MEMBERS. 

The condition of membership shall be the payment of one 
dollar annually, to be made at such time as the board of 
managers shall appoint. 

On the 1st of November each year, or such other day as 
the managers may prefer, there shall be a general meeting of 
the members, to be called through the public prints, by the 
secretary or assistant secretary. 

At this meeting shall be elected, by a majority of the mem- 
bers present, a board of forty managers. 

At the same time, and in the same manner, there shall be 
appointed delegates to the next ensuing meeting of the pa- 
rent society at Washington; of such number as the parent 
society may determine, or, in case of their not fixing any, as. 
the general meeting of members may think fit. 

The general meeting may also alter this Constitution, pro- 
vided there be present one-third of the members of the so- 
ciety, and a majority of them concur in its alteration. 

OF THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. 

There shall be forty managers, of whom six shall consti- 
tute a quorum. 

They may fill up such vacancies as shall occur in their 
body, in the interval of the annual elections. 

As soon as convenient after the general meeting of mem- 
bers, they shall assemble for the choice of the following offi- 
cers: 

1. A President. 

2. An indefinite number of Vice-presidents. 

3. A Treasurer. 

4. A Secretary. 

5. An Assistant Secretary. 



16 

They may adopt such by-laws as they shall think proper. 

It shall be their duty, whenever they deem it expedient, 
to employ, at such rates as may appear reasonable, a collec- 
tor or collectors, for obtaining members and collecting the 
annual contributions or other donations. 

They may also appoint committees of suitable persons, 
from their own body or out of it, permanent or temporary, 
for such purposes as may seem to demand them. 

OF TIIK PRESIDENT. 

The President shall always be selected from among the 
Vice-presidents. 

OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

Presidents of the auxiliary state societies shall be cx-offi- 
cio Vice-presidents of the state society. 

OF THE SECRETARY. 

The Secretary shall correspond with such persons as the 
board of managers may wish to communicate officially with; 
and be the organ of communication from others to them. 

He shall keep a register of the names of all the officers of 
the society, of all members, of their annual subscriptions and 
donations; and of such other circumstances as the managers 
may direct. 

The same duties shall be performed, under his direction, 
by the Assistant Secretary. 

They shall be ex-officio managers; in addition to the forty. 

OF THE TREASURER. 

All monies or other articles, collected for the society, shall 
be paid into the hands of the Treasurer. 

He shall receive and keep an account of them, as also of 
all expenditures; and shall hold them subject, after deduct- 
ing for necessary expenses, to the order of the board of mana- 
gers, or, through them, of the parent society at Washington. 

He shall be ex-officio a manager; in addition to the forty. 

OF THE AGENCY. 

Whenever the parent society may think fit, t'hey may ap- 
point a committee, to consist of any number, who shall lie 
called their agency, and be under their control and immedi- 
ate and sole direction. 



lis 



LIST OF OFFICERS. 



President. 
Hon. Charles Carroll of Carrolltou. 

Vice-Presidents. 



Rt. Rev. Bishop Kemp, 
Gen. Samuel Smith, 
Roger B. Taney, 
Luke Tiernan, 
Dr. James Steuart, 
Robert Oliver, 
Isaac McKim, 
Col. Maynadier % 
Robert H. Goldsborough, 
Charles Goldsborough, 
James H. McCulloh, 
Philip E. Thomas, 
Robert Gilmor, 
Hezekiah Niles, 
John Grahame, 
Richard T. Earle, 



William Barroll, 
Joseph Kent, 
Joseph E. Muse, 
Thomas James Bullitt. 
Daniel Martin, 
Anthony Banning, 
Wm. H. Tilghman, 
J. T. Chase, 
A. C. Magruder, 
John Brewer, 
James Murray, 
John Leeds Kerr, 
Daniel Murray, 
J. J. Speed, 
Samuel Sterett. 



Board of Managers. 



Rev. Dr. Henshaw, 

Rev. Mr. Nevins, 

Rev. Mr. Waugh, 

Rev. Mr. Breckenridge, 

Rev. Dr. Wyatt, 

Rev. Dr. Kurtz, 

Rev. Mr. Hanson, 

Rev. Mr. Finlay, 

Peter Hoffman, 

Col. Benjamin C. Howard, 

Gen. Geo. H. Steuart, 

Col. William Steuart, 

Robert Armstrong, 

Col. John Berry, 

Thos. Kelso, 



Thomas Armstrong, 
Wm. Wilkins, 
Hugh McElderry, 
Wm. Gwynn, 
Richard H. Douglas, 
Thomas Ellicott, 
Dr. Richard Steuart, 
Nathaniel Williams, 
Richard Gill, 
Edward Kemp, 
Richard B. Magruder, 
Upton S. Heath, 
Charles S.. Walsh, 
Francis H. Davidge, 
Joseph dishing. 



17 

The object of the agency is to lend more despatch and effi- 
ciency to the operations of the parent society; and their duty 
shall be, to procure members, to promote and superintend 
emigration, to inform the public mind rightly on matters 
relating to African colonization, and to correspond on those 
subjects with similar committees, individuals, corporate and 
public bodies, elswhere. 

But they shall not collect or hold any monies, or other do- 
nations, in their official capacity; except by express permis- 
sion of the parent society, or by its order on the treasurer of 
the state society. 

They shall appoint their own chairman and secretary; and 
make their own by-laws. 



19 

Jacob I. Cohen, Fielder Israel, 

Dr. P. Macaulay, Tilghman lirice, 

Solomon Etting, Edmund Diilicr, 

Dr E. G. Edrington, Dr. Eli Ay res, 

Wm. Bose, Wm. R. Adair. 

John Hoffman, Treasurer. 
Edward J. Coale, Secretary. 
James Bryan, Asst. S&c'ry. 

Agency. 

Hon. Judge Brice, Chairman. 

John H. B. Latrobe, 

John I. Lloyd, 

Charles Howard, 

Charles C. Harper, Secrela?y. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



011 932 537 7<^ 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




011 932 537 7 



Conservation Resources 
Lig-Free® Type I 
Ph 8.5, Buffered 



